Lutembacher syndrome is defined as the coexistence of mitral stenosis and which type of atrial septal defect?

Lutembacher syndrome is defined as the coexistence of mitral stenosis and which type of atrial septal defect?

• A. Ostium primum ASD
• B. Sinus venosus ASD
• C. Coronary sinus ASD
• D. Ostium secundum ASD

Answer: (D)

Lutembacher syndrome denotes the coexistence of mitral stenosis with an atrial septal defect, most commonly an ostium secundum defect. The ostium secundum defect sits centrally in the fossa ovalis and provides a ready pathway for left-to-right shunting when mitral stenosis raises left atrial pressure. That pressure rise drives blood across the defect into the right atrium, creating volume overload on the right heart while somewhat unloading the left atrium. This pairing is classic because it combines a rheumatic or degenerative mitral lesion with a congenital ASD that permits shunting and related hemodynamics. Other ASD types don’t fit as neatly. Ostium primum defects are associated with endocardial cushion abnormalities and are more commonly linked to mitral valve issues directly; sinus venosus defects are usually tied to anomalous pulmonary venous return; coronary sinus defects are rare and have a different anatomy. The typical Lutembacher combination is mitral stenosis with a central ostium secundum ASD.

Lutembacher syndrome denotes the coexistence of mitral stenosis with an atrial septal defect, most commonly an ostium secundum defect. The ostium secundum defect sits centrally in the fossa ovalis and provides a ready pathway for left-to-right shunting when mitral stenosis raises left atrial pressure. That pressure rise drives blood across the defect into the right atrium, creating volume overload on the right heart while somewhat unloading the left atrium. This pairing is classic because it combines a rheumatic or degenerative mitral lesion with a congenital ASD that permits shunting and related hemodynamics.

Other ASD types don’t fit as neatly. Ostium primum defects are associated with endocardial cushion abnormalities and are more commonly linked to mitral valve issues directly; sinus venosus defects are usually tied to anomalous pulmonary venous return; coronary sinus defects are rare and have a different anatomy. The typical Lutembacher combination is mitral stenosis with a central ostium secundum ASD.