Which Carpentier type is associated with normal leaflet motion and MR caused by annular dilation or leaflet perforation?

Which Carpentier type is associated with normal leaflet motion and MR caused by annular dilation or leaflet perforation?

• A. Type II
• B. Type IIIa
• C. Type IIIb
• D. Type I

Answer: (D)

Carpentier classification groups MR by how the valve leaflets move. In this scenario, the leaflets move normally, but regurgitation occurs because the annulus is dilated or there is a leaflet perforation. That combination—normal leaflet motion with MR due to extrinsic leaflet apparatus problems like annular dilation or perforation—fits Type I. By contrast, excess leaflet motion such as prolapse or flail points to Type II; restricted motion in multiple planes or during diastole suggests Type IIIa, and restricted motion mainly in systole from tethering or ischemic/dilated ventricle points to Type IIIb. So the described mechanism aligns with Type I.

Carpentier classification groups MR by how the valve leaflets move. In this scenario, the leaflets move normally, but regurgitation occurs because the annulus is dilated or there is a leaflet perforation. That combination—normal leaflet motion with MR due to extrinsic leaflet apparatus problems like annular dilation or perforation—fits Type I.

By contrast, excess leaflet motion such as prolapse or flail points to Type II; restricted motion in multiple planes or during diastole suggests Type IIIa, and restricted motion mainly in systole from tethering or ischemic/dilated ventricle points to Type IIIb. So the described mechanism aligns with Type I.